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Giuseppina Candore, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Giulia Accardi, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Anna Aiello, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Giovannella Baggio, Italian Center for Studies on Gender Health and Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
Tiziana Bellini, University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Vittorio Calabrese, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
Anna Paola Carreca, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
Ignazio Carreca, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Anna Masucci, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
Monica Cattaneo, Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
Serena Dato, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Danilo Di Bona, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
Luca Fabris, Italian Center for Studies on Gender Health and Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
Caterina Gambino, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
Gabriele Di Lorenzo, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Claudio Franceschi, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Mattia Emanuela Ligotti, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS Mediterranean Institute for Transplants and Highly Specialized Therapies, Palermo, Italy
Maria Cristina Manfrinato, University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Annibale Alessandro Puca, Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy;
Martina Tamburello, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy;
Roberta Vassallo, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
Calogero Caruso, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyFollow

Abstract

Gender medicine is a multidisciplinary science and represents an important perspective for pathophysiological and clinical studies in the third millennium. Here, it is provided an overview of the topics discussed in a recent course on the Role of Sex and Gender in Ageing and Longevity. The paper highlights three themes discussed in the course, i.e., the interaction of gender/sex with, i) the pathophysiology of age-related diseases; ii), the role of genetics and epigenetics in ageing and longevity and, iii) the immune responses of older people to pathogens, vaccines, autoantigens, and allergens. Although largely unexplored, sex and gender are modulators of disease biology and treatment outcomes. It is becoming evident that men and women should no longer be considered as subgroups, but as biologically distinct groups of patients deserving consideration for specific therapeutic approaches.

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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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